Illnesses of the bones and parathyroid glands

Situated in proximity of the thyroid, more precisely behind the lateral lobes of the body of the thyroid, are four parathyroid glands including two superior and two inferior glands. These glands are 3 mm long and 5 mm thick. They are responsible for secretion of PTH, which assures proper renal, bone, and duodenal function. This hormone:

• Regulates levels of calcium and phosphor in the blood stream

• Helps with the transformation of vitamin D

• Supports calcium resorption in the kidneys and duodenum

• Regulates phosphor resorption

• Contributes to osteolysis (bone resorption)

1. Hyperparathyroidism is one of the most frequent pathologies affecting the parathyroid glands. It affects mostly women aged between 55 to 75 years. Primary hyperparathyroidism is distinguished by an adenoma accompanied by elevated calcium blood levels (hypercalcaemia). Secondary hyperparathyroidism manifests by an excess production of PTH accompanied by calcium deficiency.

2. Hypoparathyroidism corresponds to a PTH deficiency following a cervical surgery (total thyroidectomy), a destruction of the parathyroid glands, alcoholic intoxication, or genetic origin. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by chronic hypocalcaemia. The most frequently reported symptoms are: a decrease in bone remodelling, an increase of bone mineralisation, cramps, contractions, paraesthesia of the lips, arms or legs, ocular problems, dermatological problems, and cardiac problems.

Fiche Illnesses of the bones and parathyroid glands

• Author : Florian Reinaud, MD
• Date : Feb 02, 2018